Kidney function: Creatinine
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| Description :Creatinine is a waste product of creatine phosphate, a substance stored in the muscle and used for energy. It is excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine levels are not affected by diet or hormones. Increase in creatinine level is often associated with kidney disease. |
Reference range: 0.5 - 1.2 mg/dL
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Title : Kidney function: Potassium
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Description :
Potassium is one of the electrolytes excreted by the kidney. Increased levels of potassium can cause a decrease in muscle function, and may occur in circulatory failure (shock) and in kidney failure. Decreased level of potassium may be due to low intake of potassium, or excessive loss of potassium due to vomiting, diarrhoea or use of diuretics. Abnormally high or low levels of potassium outside of normal limits can be dangerous as it can affect muscle function, particularly heart function.
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| Reference range: adult: 3.3 - 4.9 mmol/L
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| Title : Kidney function: Sodium |
Description :
Sodium is an electrolyte that regulates the body water volume and is conserved in the kidneys. High sodium level can be seen in dehydration, diabetes insipidus and other conditions. Low level can be seen in severe diarrhoea, kidney disease, uncontrolled diabetes and other conditions
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| Reference range: adult: 135-145 mmol/L |
| Kidney function: Urea
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| Urea is the main end product of protein metabolism in the body and is excreted by the kidneys. Concentration of urea is influenced by the amount of protein digested, diet, hormones and kidney function. Increased level of urea may be due to kidney disease or after administration of steroids. Slightly increased level may be due to high protein diet. Low level may be seen in normal pregnancy or due to deceased intake of protein |
| Reference range: 10 - 50 mg/dL
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