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LAB TEST RESULTS
| Test Information |
| HAEMATOLOGY
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This panel examines formed elements of the blood which consist the following parameters
Haemoglobin is a protein that enables Red Blood Cells (RBCs) to carry oxygen. The amount of haemoglobin (Hb) determines how much oxygen the RBCs are capable of carrying. A person is considered anaemic if the haemoglobin falls below the normal range and can be caused by
a) loss of blood through bleeding,
b) deficiency of iron from food,
c) decreased production of RBCs, and
d) hereditary such as thalassaemia |
| Total White Cells is the count of white blood cells (WBCs) called leukocytes. WBCs defend the body against infection and make up part of the immune system. An increased in WBCs may be related to physiologic conditions such as exercise, or due to infections or blood disorder. In leukaemia, the WBCs will be markedly raised |
| Total Red Cells is the count of red blood cells. (RBCs). These cells carry oxygen throughout the body. Too many RBCs in the bloodstream may cause slow blood flow and compromise circulation. A low RBCs may signify anaemia. Causes of anemia are described under haemoglobin. Platelets are elements of the blood that are important for blood clotting. They help stop bleeding by forming a sticky plug to seal vessel walls and help initiate a series of enzymatic reactions, which result in the formation of blood clot |
| Platelet count is one important test used to investigate bleeding disorders, to assess clotting ability, or to monitor drug treatments. An increased in platelet count may occur in conditions such as polycythemia or after a splenectomy. A decrease in platelet count below normal level is seen in dengue haemorrhagic fever and may occur in leukaemia, some anaemia and certain blood disorder, or following chemotherapy and radiation therapy |
| Differential Count is the breakdown of the types of white blood cells and is expressed as a percentage of total WBCs. Although their common role is to provide immunity and fight against infection, each type will respond differently to different types of infection. The Polymorphs responses to bacterial infection, Lymphocytes responses to viral infection, Monocytes play a vital role in many host defense mechanisms and are responsive to subacute and chronic inflammation, Eosinophils responses to parasitic and allergic reaction, and Basophils are involved in fighting parasitic infections.
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) measures the fall of the level of cells against plasma in a fine tube held vertically for one hour. The amount and type of plasma protein present in blood, as well as, changes in the size, shape and number of RBCs due to certain disease will affect the sedimentation rate. This test is not specific for any particular disease, but is used as a screening test for general indication of inflammation.
PCV (Packed Cell Volume) is the volume of RBCs expressed as a percentage of total blood volume.
MCV (Mean Corpusular Volume) is the average volume of the individual RBCs. A low MCV indicates the cells are smaller than normal. This most commonly occurs because of an iron deficiency or chronic disease.
MCH (Mean Corpuscuair Haemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration) are measures of the amount and volume of haemoglobin in the average cell.
Blood Group - ABO and Rhesus are two commonly blood group systems. The four main blood groups of blood under ABO system are A, B, AB and 0. Rhesus (Rh) blood group determines the presence ofD antigen in blood.
PBF (Peripheral Blood Film) provides a microscopic review of the overall picture on blood cells and allows visual estimation of haemoglobin. |
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